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abandon the attempts

  • 1 abandon the attempts

    Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > abandon the attempts

  • 2 abandon

    v
    1) отказываться (от чего-л.), прекращать (попытки и т.п.)
    2) покидать, оставлять

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > abandon

  • 3 attempt

    Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > attempt

  • 4 fracasar

    v.
    1 to fail (intento, persona).
    El chico fracasó The boy failed.
    2 to be unsuccessful, to fail to accomplish anything, to draw a blank.
    El chico fracasó The boy failed.
    El detective fracasó The detective failed to accomplish anything.
    El proyecto fracasó The project failed.
    Me fracasó el muchacho My boy failed.
    * * *
    1 to fail, be unsuccessful, fall through
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1.
    VT LAm to mess up, make a mess of
    2.
    VI [gen] to fail, be unsuccessful; [plan] to fail, fall through
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo to fail
    * * *
    = flounder, fail, misfire, founder, be unsuccessful, bite + the dust, backfire, go under, give up + the ghost, meet with + failure, flop, fall + apart, come + unstuck, fall + flat, go + pear-shaped, fizzle, go out + the window, come + a cropper, fall through, go + kaput, go + haywire, be up the spout.
    Ex. I have noticed in many walks of life, people doing jobs, paid or unpaid, in which they are floundering because they do not have what I might call a job description.
    Ex. This article suggests the steps that libraries might take during periods of instability to reduce their chances of being injured by a vendor that fails.
    Ex. While project ALBIS was seen as an exercise in networking that misfired it did produce some positive results = Aunque se consideraba que el proyecto ALBIS fue un intento de cooperación en red que fracasó, no obstante produjo algunos resultados positivos.
    Ex. It is that, without direction, the library craft may founder in the perpetual whitewater.
    Ex. Alex Wilson sides with the librarians who say 'concentrate your book service first and foremost on existing users because expenditure on attracting those with a low motivation is much more costly and likely to be mostly unsuccessful'.
    Ex. The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.
    Ex. While this direct contact can backfire if the person is not knowledgeable about the product, it is also a golden opportunity to respond directly to customer questions and unique needs.
    Ex. Many of them are likely to go under in the next wave of economic recession.
    Ex. This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.
    Ex. However, many attempts to actively involve the community in reducing its risks of becoming ill have met with failure.
    Ex. This opera flopped at its premiere in 1819.
    Ex. Most of the packaging for cassettes provided by commercial vendors that are known nationwide is lousy, falls apart, looks bad, and so on.
    Ex. Bright people will always manage towork out the technology but it is the higher-level issues and processes that usually cause a project to come unstuck.
    Ex. The performance nevertheless falls flat due to the singers' failure to create true exhilaration.
    Ex. The test on the new machines went pear-shaped: nothing really worked properly and they had to install everything again.
    Ex. Sure we can, but minus the original moment of sizzle, our excellent choice might very well fizzle.
    Ex. The lack of centralisation means that good management goes out the window and everything gets sloppier.
    Ex. He had years of experience and common sense and to the best of my knowledge never came a cropper.
    Ex. The sale fell through recently, after the buyer was unable to come up with the money.
    Ex. With oil at $76 a barrel, it won't be long until it all goes kaput!.
    Ex. They left a trail of destruction in the wake of a plan gone haywire.
    Ex. Their email system has been up the spout since Saturday preventing the staff from communicating everyday matters and causing extensive housekeeping delays.
    ----
    * esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.
    * fracasar de manera lamentable = fail + miserably, fail + dismally.
    * fracasar estrepitosamente = fall + flat on + Posesivo + face.
    * fracasar miserablemente = fail + dismally, fail + miserably, come + a cropper.
    * hacer fracasar = foil, derail.
    * planes + fracasar = plan + fall through.
    * prosperar o fracasar = sink or swim.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo to fail
    * * *
    = flounder, fail, misfire, founder, be unsuccessful, bite + the dust, backfire, go under, give up + the ghost, meet with + failure, flop, fall + apart, come + unstuck, fall + flat, go + pear-shaped, fizzle, go out + the window, come + a cropper, fall through, go + kaput, go + haywire, be up the spout.

    Ex: I have noticed in many walks of life, people doing jobs, paid or unpaid, in which they are floundering because they do not have what I might call a job description.

    Ex: This article suggests the steps that libraries might take during periods of instability to reduce their chances of being injured by a vendor that fails.
    Ex: While project ALBIS was seen as an exercise in networking that misfired it did produce some positive results = Aunque se consideraba que el proyecto ALBIS fue un intento de cooperación en red que fracasó, no obstante produjo algunos resultados positivos.
    Ex: It is that, without direction, the library craft may founder in the perpetual whitewater.
    Ex: Alex Wilson sides with the librarians who say 'concentrate your book service first and foremost on existing users because expenditure on attracting those with a low motivation is much more costly and likely to be mostly unsuccessful'.
    Ex: The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.
    Ex: While this direct contact can backfire if the person is not knowledgeable about the product, it is also a golden opportunity to respond directly to customer questions and unique needs.
    Ex: Many of them are likely to go under in the next wave of economic recession.
    Ex: This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.
    Ex: However, many attempts to actively involve the community in reducing its risks of becoming ill have met with failure.
    Ex: This opera flopped at its premiere in 1819.
    Ex: Most of the packaging for cassettes provided by commercial vendors that are known nationwide is lousy, falls apart, looks bad, and so on.
    Ex: Bright people will always manage towork out the technology but it is the higher-level issues and processes that usually cause a project to come unstuck.
    Ex: The performance nevertheless falls flat due to the singers' failure to create true exhilaration.
    Ex: The test on the new machines went pear-shaped: nothing really worked properly and they had to install everything again.
    Ex: Sure we can, but minus the original moment of sizzle, our excellent choice might very well fizzle.
    Ex: The lack of centralisation means that good management goes out the window and everything gets sloppier.
    Ex: He had years of experience and common sense and to the best of my knowledge never came a cropper.
    Ex: The sale fell through recently, after the buyer was unable to come up with the money.
    Ex: With oil at $76 a barrel, it won't be long until it all goes kaput!.
    Ex: They left a trail of destruction in the wake of a plan gone haywire.
    Ex: Their email system has been up the spout since Saturday preventing the staff from communicating everyday matters and causing extensive housekeeping delays.
    * esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.
    * fracasar de manera lamentable = fail + miserably, fail + dismally.
    * fracasar estrepitosamente = fall + flat on + Posesivo + face.
    * fracasar miserablemente = fail + dismally, fail + miserably, come + a cropper.
    * hacer fracasar = foil, derail.
    * planes + fracasar = plan + fall through.
    * prosperar o fracasar = sink or swim.

    * * *
    fracasar [A1 ]
    vi
    1 «negociaciones» to fail; «plan» to fail, fall through
    2 «persona» to fail
    como padre fracasó horriblemente he failed miserably as a father
    fracasó como actor he failed o was unsuccessful as an actor
    fracasar EN algo to fail IN sth
    fracasó en su intento de conquistar el Everest he was unsuccessful o he failed in his attempt to conquer Everest
    * * *

     

    fracasar ( conjugate fracasar) verbo intransitivo
    to fail
    fracasar verbo intransitivo to fail
    ' fracasar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    venirse
    - sonar
    - tronar
    English:
    backfire
    - bomb
    - break down
    - fail
    - fall apart
    - fall through
    - flop
    - founder
    - miserably
    - unstuck
    - back
    - break
    - collapse
    - flat
    - grief
    * * *
    1. [intento] to fail;
    [producto] to be a failure;
    el modelo fracasó en Europa the model was a failure in Europe
    2. [persona] to fail;
    fracasó en su intento de obtener un acuerdo he failed in his attempt to get an agreement;
    fracasó como cantante she was a failure as a singer
    * * *
    v/i fail
    * * *
    1) fallar: to fail
    2) : to fall through
    * * *
    1. (en general) to fail
    2. (planes) to fall through [pt. fell; pp. fallen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > fracasar

  • 5 ÓÐAL

    (pl. óðul), n. ancestral property, patrimony, inheritance (in land); family homestead; native place; flýja óðul sín, to abandon one’s home, go into exile.
    * * *
    n., pl. óðul; in Norse MSS. it is usually contracted before a vowel (whence arose the forms öðli eðli), and owing to a peculiarity in the Norse sound of ð an r is inserted in contracted forms, örðla, orðlom, N. G. L. passim: [akin to aðal, öðli, eðli, = nature; öðlask = adipisci; oðlingr, q. v.; A. S. êðel = patrimony; it is also the parent word of Germ. edel, adel, = noble, nobility, for the nobility of the earliest Teut. communities consisted of the land-owners. From this word also originated mid. Lat. allodium, prob. by inverting the syllables for the sake of euphony (all-od = od-al); oðal or ethel is the vernacular Teut. form, allodium the Latinised form, which is never found in vernacular writers; it may be that the transposition of syllables was due to the th sound in oðal; and hence, again, the word feudal is a compd word, fee-odal, or an odal held as a fee or feif from the king, and answering to heið-launað óðal of the Norse law (heið = fee = king’s pay), N. G. L. i. 91.]
    B. Nature, inborn quality, property, = aðal, eðli, öðli, q. v.; this seems to be the original sense, þat er eigi at réttu mannsins óðal, Sks. 326 B; þat er helzt byrjar til farmanns óðals, a seaman’s life, 52; þat er kaupmanna óðal (= mercatorum est), 28; jörlum öllum óðal batni, Gh. 21.
    II. a law term, an allodium, property held in allodial tenure, patrimony. The condition which in the Norse law constitutes an oðal was either an unbroken succession from father to son (er afi hefir afa leift) through three or more generations, N. G. L. i. 91, 237, Gþl. 284; or unbroken possession for thirty or more years, N. G. L. i. 249; or sixty years, Gþl. 284; or it might be acquired through brand-erfð (q. v.), through weregild, barn-fóstr (q. v.); and lastly heið-launað óðal, an allodial fief, was granted for services rendered to the king, see N. G. L. i. 91: the oðal descended to the son, and was opp. to útjarðir ( out-lands), and lausa-fé ( movables), which descended to the daughter, Gþl. 233; yet even a woman, e. g. a baugrygr (q. v.), could hold an oðal, in which case she was called óðals-kona, 92, jörð komin undir snúð ok snældu = an estate come under the rule of the spindle, N. G. L. i. 237; the allit. phrase, arfr ok óðal, 31, Gþl. 250: brigða óðal, N. G. L. i. 86; selja óðal, to sell one’s óðal, 237. The oðal was in a certain sense inalienable within a family, so that even when parted with, the possessor still retained a title (land-brigð, máldagi á landi). In the ancient Scandin. communities the inhabited land was possessed by free oðalsmen (allodial holders), and the king was the lord of the people, but not of the soil. At a later time, when the small communities were merged into great kingdoms, through conquest or otherwise, the king laid hold of the land, and all the ancient oðals were to be held as a grant from the king; such an attempt of king Harold Fairhair in Norway and the earls of Orkney in those islands is recorded in Hkr. Har. S. Hárf. ch. 6, Eg. ch. 4, cp. Ld. ch. 2, Orkn. ch. 8, 30, 80 (in Mr. Dasent’s Ed.); cp. also Hák. S. Goða ch. 1. Those attempts are recorded in the Icel. Sagas as acts of tyranny and confiscation, and as one of the chief causes for the great emigration from the Scandinavian kingdoms during the 9th century (the question of free land here playing the same part as that of free religion in Great Britain in the 17th century). The attempt failed in Norway, where the old oðal institution remains in the main to the present day. Even the attempts of king Harold were, according to historians (Konrad Maurer), not quite analogous to what took place in England after the Conquest, but appear to have taken something like the form of a land-tax or rent; but as the Sagas represent it, it was an attempt towards turning the free odal institution into a feudal one, such as had already taken place among the Teutons in Southern Europe.
    III. gener. and metaph. usages, one’s native land, homestead, inheritance; the land is called the ‘oðal’ of the reigning king, á Danr ok Danpr dýrar hallir, æðra óðal, en ér hafit, Rm. 45; eignask namtú óðal þegna, allan Noreg, Gauta spjalli, Fms. vi. 26 (in a verse); banna Sveini sín óðul, St. Olave will defend his óðal against Sweyn, 426 (in a verse); flýja óðul sín, to fly one’s óðal, go into exile, Fms. iv. 217; flýja óðul eðr eignir, vii. 25; koma aptr í Noreg til óðala sinna, 196; þeim er þar eru útlendir ok eigi eigu þar óðul, who are strangers and not natives there, Edda 3; öðlask Paradísar óðal, the inheritance of Paradise, 655 viii. 2; himneskt óðal, heavenly inheritance, Greg. 68; njóta þeirra gjafa ok óðala er Adam var útlægr frá rekinn, Sks. 512: allit., jarl ok óðal, earl (or franklin) and odal, Gh. 21.
    2. spec. phrase, at alda óðali, for everlasting inheritance, i. e. for ever and ever, D. N. i. 229: contr., at alda öðli, id., Grág. i. 264, D.I. i. 266; til alda óðals, for ever, iii. 88: mod., frá, alda öðli, from time immemorial.
    C. COMPDS: óðalsborinn, óðalsbréf, óðalsbrigð, óðalsjörð, óðalskona, óðalsmaðr, óðalsnautr, óðalsneyti, óðalsréttr, óðalsskipti, óðalstuptir, óðalsvitni.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ÓÐAL

  • 6 О-22

    НИКОИМ ОБРАЗОМ coll НИКАКИМ ОБРАЗОМ obs NP instrum these forms only adv used with negated verbs fixed WO
    not under any circumstances, not at all
    in no way
    by no means not by any manner of means not by a long shot absolutely not (when used as an indep. remark) (that's) (absolutely) impossible.
    И человек с искаженным от горя лицом вынужден был отказаться от своих попыток прорваться к повозкам, с которых уже сняли столбы. Эти попытки ни к чему не привели бы, кроме того, что он был бы схвачен, а быть задержанным в этот день никоим образом не входило в его план (Булгаков 9). And the man, his face contorted with grief, was compelled to abandon his attempts to break through to the carts, from which the posts had already been taken. These attempts would have resulted in nothing but his capture, and it was certainly in no way part of his plan to be arrested that day (9a).
    (Хлестаков:) Вы никак не можете мне помешать никаким образом не можете напротив того, вы можете принесть удовольствие (Гоголь 4). (Kh.:) You can't possibly disturb me, not by any manner of means, on the contrary, you can bring me happiness (4b).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > О-22

  • 7 никаким образом

    • НИКОИМ ОБРАЗОМ coll; НИКАКИМ ОБРАЗОМ obs
    [NPinstrum; these forms only; adv; used with negated verbs; fixed WO]
    =====
    ⇒ not under any circumstances, not at all:
    - [when used as an indep. remark](that's) (absolutely) impossible.
         ♦ И человек с искаженным от горя лицом вынужден был отказаться от своих попыток прорваться к повозкам, с которых уже сняли столбы. Эти попытки ни к чему не привели бы, кроме того, что он был бы схвачен, а быть задержанным в этот день никоим образом не входило в его план (Булгаков 9). And the man, his face contorted with grief, was compelled to abandon his attempts to break through to the carts, from which the posts had already been taken. These attempts would have resulted in nothing but his capture, and it was certainly in no way part of his plan to be arrested that day (9a).
         ♦ [Хлестаков:] Вы никак не можете мне помешать; никаким образом не можете; напротив того, вы можете принесть удовольствие (Гоголь 4). [Kh.:] You can't possibly disturb me, not by any manner of means; on the contrary, you can bring me happiness (4b).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > никаким образом

  • 8 никоим образом

    [NPinstrum; these forms only; adv; used with negated verbs; fixed WO]
    =====
    ⇒ not under any circumstances, not at all:
    - [when used as an indep. remark](that's) (absolutely) impossible.
         ♦ И человек с искаженным от горя лицом вынужден был отказаться от своих попыток прорваться к повозкам, с которых уже сняли столбы. Эти попытки ни к чему не привели бы, кроме того, что он был бы схвачен, а быть задержанным в этот день никоим образом не входило в его план (Булгаков 9). And the man, his face contorted with grief, was compelled to abandon his attempts to break through to the carts, from which the posts had already been taken. These attempts would have resulted in nothing but his capture, and it was certainly in no way part of his plan to be arrested that day (9a).
         ♦ [Хлестаков:] Вы никак не можете мне помешать; никаким образом не можете; напротив того, вы можете принесть удовольствие (Гоголь 4). [Kh.:] You can't possibly disturb me, not by any manner of means; on the contrary, you can bring me happiness (4b).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > никоим образом

  • 9 zrezygn|ować

    pf vi 1. (zrzec się) to resign (z czegoś (from) sth); (odstąpić) to give [sth] up, to give up vt, to relinquish vt
    - zrezygnował ze stanowiska he gave up a. resigned (from) his post
    - w wyniku skandalu musiała zrezygnować z pracy in the aftermath of the scandal she had to resign from her job
    - zrezygnował z funkcji prezesa zarządu na rzecz syna he resigned as chairman in favour of his son ⇒ rezygnować
    2. (zaniechać) to give [sth] up, to give up vt, to abandon vt; (pominąć) to dispense (z czegoś with sth); (odmówić sobie) to skip vt pot.; to forgo vt książk.
    - zrezygnować z dekoracji/szczegółów to dispense with decorations/details
    - zrezygnować z dalszych prób znalezienia pracy to abandon further attempts to find a job
    - wolę zrezygnować z deseru niż się spóźnić I’d rather skip dessert than be late
    - ani myślę zrezygnować z kariery artystycznej I have no intention of giving up my artistic career
    - chciała jeszcze coś powiedzieć, ale zrezygnowała she wanted to add something, but decided against it
    - zrezygnował z czytania na rzecz improwizacji he decided to extemporize instead of reading książk.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > zrezygn|ować

  • 10 прекратить попытки

    1) General subject: abandon the attempt, call it quits
    2) Diplomatic term: abandon attempts
    3) Makarov: draw rein

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > прекратить попытки

  • 11 denunciar

    v.
    1 to report (to the police) (delito).
    denunció a su esposo por malos tratos she reported her husomebodyand to the police for ill-treatment
    Ella denunció la adulteración She reported the adulteration.
    2 to denounce, to condemn.
    Ella denunció al agresor She denounced the attacker.
    3 to indicate, to reveal.
    4 to speak up against, to speak out against, to clamor against.
    5 to arraign.
    El abogado denunció a Ricardo The lawyer arraigned Richard.
    * * *
    2 (dar noticia) to denounce
    3 (indicar) to indicate
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    VT
    1) [+ delito, accidente] to report
    2) (=criticar) to condemn, denounce

    denunció la política derechista del gobierno — he condemned o denounced the government's right-wing policies

    3) frm (=indicar) to reveal, indicate

    el olor denunciaba la presencia del gas — the smell revealed o indicated the presence of gas

    4) † (=presagiar) to foretell
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) <robo/asesinato/persona> to report
    2) ( condenar públicamente) to denounce, condemn
    * * *
    = condemn, denounce, speak out against, blow + the whistle (on), inform on, report, rail against, turn in.
    Ex. It must, however, also be considered as a major source of the 'subject index illusion' so trenchantly condemned by Bliss, as mentioned below.
    Ex. Some of the rules were imposed on Panizzi by the Trustees of the British Museum, and Panizzi could only join his critics in denouncing those rules, such as the rules for entry of anonymous publications.
    Ex. Such restraint creates a ridiculous and pathetic situation in which librarians refuse to speak out against, or work to defeat legislation destructive to libraries such as California's Propositions.
    Ex. The article ' Blowing the whistle on hazardous exports' warns consumers in developing countries about the practice by transnational corporations of exporting hazardous substances into their countries.
    Ex. Some view whistleblowing -- defined as informing on illegal or unethical practices in the workplace -- as being undesirable.
    Ex. Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.
    Ex. She has vented her frustration over the nation's over-zealous traffic wardens and railed against the littered streets.
    Ex. Sometimes communities are unwilling to cooperate with police to put a stop to gang behavior, either because of intimidation or unwillingness to turn in members of their own community = A veces las comunidades no están dispuestas a cooperar con la policía para poner fin a la conducta de pandillas, ya sea por intimidación o por no querer delatar a miembros de su propia comunidad.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) <robo/asesinato/persona> to report
    2) ( condenar públicamente) to denounce, condemn
    * * *
    = condemn, denounce, speak out against, blow + the whistle (on), inform on, report, rail against, turn in.

    Ex: It must, however, also be considered as a major source of the 'subject index illusion' so trenchantly condemned by Bliss, as mentioned below.

    Ex: Some of the rules were imposed on Panizzi by the Trustees of the British Museum, and Panizzi could only join his critics in denouncing those rules, such as the rules for entry of anonymous publications.
    Ex: Such restraint creates a ridiculous and pathetic situation in which librarians refuse to speak out against, or work to defeat legislation destructive to libraries such as California's Propositions.
    Ex: The article ' Blowing the whistle on hazardous exports' warns consumers in developing countries about the practice by transnational corporations of exporting hazardous substances into their countries.
    Ex: Some view whistleblowing -- defined as informing on illegal or unethical practices in the workplace -- as being undesirable.
    Ex: Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.
    Ex: She has vented her frustration over the nation's over-zealous traffic wardens and railed against the littered streets.
    Ex: Sometimes communities are unwilling to cooperate with police to put a stop to gang behavior, either because of intimidation or unwillingness to turn in members of their own community = A veces las comunidades no están dispuestas a cooperar con la policía para poner fin a la conducta de pandillas, ya sea por intimidación o por no querer delatar a miembros de su propia comunidad.

    * * *
    denunciar [A1 ]
    vt
    A ‹robo/asesinato› to report; ‹persona› to report
    yo en tu lugar lo denunciaría if I were you, I'd report him (to the police) o I'd lodge a complaint against him (with the police)
    denunciaron la desaparición del niño they reported the disappearance of the child
    B
    1 (condenar públicamente) to denounce, condemn
    2 (evidenciar) to reveal
    la escasez denuncia la falta de planificación the shortage reveals o is clear evidence of a lack of planning
    * * *

     

    denunciar ( conjugate denunciar) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹robo/asesinato/persona› to report
    2 ( condenar públicamente) to denounce, condemn
    denunciar verbo transitivo
    1 (un crimen, abuso) to report
    2 (a alguien) to press o bring charges: denunciamos al dueño, we pressed charges against the owner
    los denunciamos a la policía, we reported them to the police
    3 (hacer una crítica) to denounce: la prensa denunció varios casos de soborno, the press reported on a number of attempts at bribery
    ' denunciar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acusar
    - reportar
    English:
    denounce
    - report
    - inform
    - speak
    * * *
    1. [delito, delincuente] to report;
    han denunciado el robo de la moto (a la policía) they have reported the theft of the motorbike (to the police);
    ha denunciado a su esposo por malos tratos she has reported her husband to the police for ill-treatment
    2. [acusar, reprobar] to condemn;
    la prensa denunció la situación the situation was condemned in the press
    3. [delatar, revelar] to indicate, to reveal;
    goteras que denuncian el estado de abandono de la casa leaks that betray the state of abandon the house is in
    4. Pol
    denunciar un tratado = to announce one is no longer bound by a treaty, Espec to denounce a treaty
    * * *
    v/t report; fig
    condemn, denounce
    * * *
    1) : to denounce, to condemn
    2) : to report (to the authorities)
    * * *
    denunciar vb (de un robo, accidente) to report

    Spanish-English dictionary > denunciar

  • 12 Kay (of Warrington), John

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    fl. c.1770 England
    [br]
    English clockmaker who helped Richard Arkwright to construct his spinning machine.
    [br]
    John Kay was a clockmaker of Warrington. He moved to Leigh, where he helped Thomas Highs to construct his spinning machine, but lack of success made them abandon their attempts. Kay first met Richard Arkwright in March 1767 and six months later was persuaded by Arkwright to make one or more models of the roller spinning machine he had built under Highs's supervision. Kay went with Arkwright to Preston, where they continued working on the machine. Kay also went with Arkwright when he moved to Nottingham. It was around this time that he entered into an agreement with Arkwright to serve him for twenty-one years and was bound not to disclose any details of the machines. Presumably Kay helped to set up the first spinning machines at Arkwright's Nottingham mill as well as at Cromford. Despite their agreement, he seems to have left after about five years and may have disclosed the secret of Arkwright's crank and comb on the carding engine to others. Kay was later to give evidence against Arkwright during the trial of his patent in 1785.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    R.S.Fitton, 1989, The Arkwrights, Spinners of Fortune, Manchester (the most detailed account of Kay's connections with Arkwright and his evidence during the later patent trials).
    A.P.Wadsworth and J. de L.Mann, 1931, The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, Manchester (mentions Kay's association with Arkwright).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Kay (of Warrington), John

  • 13 Gabor, Dennis (Dénes)

    [br]
    b. 5 June 1900 Budapest, Hungary
    d. 9 February 1979 London, England
    [br]
    Hungarian (naturalized British) physicist, inventor of holography.
    [br]
    Gabor became interested in physics at an early age. Called up for military service in 1918, he was soon released when the First World War came to an end. He then began a mechanical engineering course at the Budapest Technical University, but a further order to register for military service prompted him to flee in 1920 to Germany, where he completed his studies at Berlin Technical University. He was awarded a Diploma in Engineering in 1924 and a Doctorate in Electrical Engineering in 1927. He then went on to work in the physics laboratory of Siemens \& Halske. He returned to Hungary in 1933 and developed a new kind of fluorescent lamp called the plasma lamp. Failing to find a market for this device, Gabor made the decision to abandon his homeland and emigrate to England. There he joined British Thompson-Houston (BTH) in 1934 and married a colleague from the company in 1936. Gabor was also unsuccessful in his attempts to develop the plasma lamp in England, and by 1937 he had begun to work in the field of electron optics. His work was interrupted by the outbreak of war in 1939, although as he was not yet a British subject he was barred from making any significant contribution to the British war effort. It was only when the war was near its end that he was able to return to electron optics and begin the work that led to the invention of holography. The theory was developed during 1947 and 1948; Gabor went on to demonstrate that the theories worked, although it was not until the invention of the laser in 1960 that the full potential of his invention could be appreciated. He coined the term "hologram" from the Greek holos, meaning complete, and gram, meaning written. The three-dimensional images have since found many applications in various fields, including map making, medical imaging, computing, information technology, art and advertising. Gabor left BTH to become an associate professor at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in 1949, a position he held until his retirement in 1967. In 1971 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on holography.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Royal Society Rumford Medal 1968. Franklin Institute Michelson Medal 1968. CBE 1970. Nobel Prize for Physics 1971.
    Bibliography
    1948. "A new microscopic principle", Nature 161:777 (Gabor's earliest publication on holography).
    1949. "Microscopy by reconstructed wavefronts", Proceedings of the Royal Society A197: 454–87.
    1951, "Microscopy by reconstructed wavefronts II", Proc. Phys. Soc. B, 64:449–69. 1966, "Holography or the “Whole Picture”", New Scientist 29:74–8 (an interesting account written after laser beams were used to produce optical holograms).
    Further Reading
    T.E.Allibone, 1980, contribution to Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 26: 107–47 (a full account of Gabor's life and work).
    JW

    Biographical history of technology > Gabor, Dennis (Dénes)

  • 14 Santos-Dumont, Alberto

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 20 July 1873 Cabangu, Rocha Dias, Brazil
    d. 23 July 1932 d. Santos, Sâo Paulo, Brazil
    [br]
    Brazilian pioneer in airship and aeroplane flights.
    [br]
    Alberto Santos-Dumont, the son of a wealthy Brazilian coffee planter, was sent to Paris to study engineering but developed a passion for flying. After several balloon flights he turned his attention to powered airships. His first small airship, powered by a motorcycle engine, flew in 1898. A series of airships followed and his flights over Paris—and his narrow escapes—generated much public interest. A large cash prize had been offered for the first person to fly from Saint-Cloud around the Eiffel Tower and back inside thirty minutes. Santos-Dumont made two attempts in his airship No. 5, but engine failures caused him to crash, once in a tree and once on a hotel roof. Undismayed, he prepared airship No. 6 and on 19 October 1901 he set out and rounded the Tower, only to suffer yet another engine failure. This time he managed to restart the engine and claim the prize. This flight created a sensation in Paris and beyond. Santos-Dumont continued to create news with a series of airship exploits, and by 1906 he had built a total of fourteen airships. In 1904 Santos-Dumont visited the United States and met Octave Chanute, who described to him the achievements of the Wright brothers. On his return to Paris he set about designing an aeroplane which was unlike any other aeroplane of the period. It had box-kite-like wings and tail, and flew tail-first (a canard) powered by an Antoinette engine at the rear. It was built for him by Gabriel Voisin and was known as the "14 bis" because it was air-tested suspended beneath airship No. 14. It made its first free take-off on 13 September 1906, and then a series of short hops, including one of 220 m (720 ft) which won Santos-Dumont an Aero-Club prize and recognition for the first aeroplane flight in Europe; indeed, it was the first officially witnessed aeroplane flight in the world. Santos-Dumont's most successful aeroplane was his No. 20 of 1909, known as the Demoiselle: a tiny machine popular with sporting pilots. About this time, however, Santos-Dumont became ill and had to abandon his aeronautical activities. Although he had not made any great technical breakthroughs, Santos-Dumont had played a major role in arousing public interest in flying.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Aéro Club de France Grand Prix de l'Aéronautique 1901. Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1904.
    Bibliography
    1904, Dans l'air, Paris; 1904, pub. as My Airships (repub. 1973, New York: Dover).
    Further Reading
    Peter Wykeham, 1962, Santos-Dumont, A Study in Obsession, London.
    F.H.da Costa, c. 1971, Alberto Santos-Dumont, O Pai da Aviaçāo; pub. in English as
    Alberto Santos Dumont, Father of Aviation, Rio de Janeiro.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Santos-Dumont, Alberto

  • 15 прекращать прекра·щать

    to stop, to end, to discontinue, to cease, to terminate, to cut off, to halt, to break off, to rupture; (временно) to suspend

    прекращать дело юр. — to dismiss, to abate

    прекратить разработку, производство и развёртывание ядерного оружия — to halt / to stop development, production and deployment of nuclear weapons

    прекратить ядерные испытания — to stop / to end / to cease / to discontinue nuclear tests

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > прекращать прекра·щать

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